ABSTRACT
Introduction: The ideal rule of identification of sex and age is a sever need in medico legal cases. Sternum ismuch more appropriate for detection of sex and age of human beings separately from racial characters.Method: This study has been conducted on the total 100 subjects, 50 female (0-15 yrs) and 50 female (16-60yrs)of healthy people (living children & adults) from general population of north India as well as in and around theLucknow of Uttar Pradesh. The technique described by Ashley GT -1956b was used for measurement of sternum.Discussion: on the basis of observation and result in my present study it was fully supported and agree of theprevious researchers, who has done the work in measurement of sternum bone in cadaver and skeletal of human,because they told that the sterna has distinguish in different zone of India.Result: Comparing the mean length, Student’s t test showed significantly different and higher (8.1%) length ofmanubrium in 16-60 yrs female living adults as compared to 2-15 yrs female living children (44.47 ± 5.79 vs.48.38 ± 5.71, t=3.39, p=0.001).Conclusion: Different segment of sternum bone significantly different and higher length of manubrium, becausethe growth of sternum segment was completely develop in adult, but the development in children female iscontinuous in ratio of adults female.
ABSTRACT
Hirayama disease also known as monomelic amyotrophy, primarily involves distal upper limb extremities. It differs from the known types of motor neuron diseases because of its nonprogressive behavior and pathologic findings of focal ischemic changes in the anterior horn of the lower cervical cord. We present a young male with Hirayama disease who had a left upper extremity involvement which was progressive in nature. He didn’t respond with initial treatment of cervical collar. Consequently surgical intervention improves muscle weakness and decrease the neurological deficit.
ABSTRACT
Introduction: cleaning validation is an integral part of current good manufacturing practices in pharmaceutical industry. The main purpose of cleaning validation is to prove the effectiveness and consistency of cleaning in a given pharmaceutical production equipment to prevent cross contamination and adulteration of drug product with other active ingredient. Objective: a rapid, sensitive and specific reverse phase HPLC method was developed and validated for the quantitative determination of irinotecan hydrochloride in cleaning validation swab samples. Method: the method was validated using waters symmetry shield RP-18 (250mm x 4.6mm) 5 µm column with isocratic mobile phase containing a mixture of 0.02 M potassium di-hydrogen ortho-phosphate, pH adjusted to 3.5 with ortho-phosphoric acid, methanol and acetonitrile (60:20:20 v/v/v). The flow rate of mobile phase was 1.0 mL/min with column temperature of 25°C and detection wavelength at 220nm. The sample injection volume was 100 µl. Results: the calibration curve was linear over a concentration range from 0.024 to 0.143 µg/mL with a correlation coefficient of 0.997. The intra-day and inter-day precision expressed as relative standard deviation were below 3.2%. The recoveries obtained from stainless steel, PCGI, epoxy, glass and decron cloth surfaces were more than 85% and there was no interference from the cotton swab. The detection limit (DL) and quantitation limit (QL) were 0.008 and 0.023 µg ml-1, respectively. Conclusion: the developed method was validated with respect to specificity, linearity, limit of detection and quantification, accuracy, precision and solution stability. The overall procedure can be used as part of a cleaning validation program in pharmaceutical manufacture of irinotecan hydrochloride.
ABSTRACT
The coronary artery diseases can play a crucial medico- legal role to decide the cause of sudden death whether natural or unnatural. There are certain occasions, when a person dies on the operating table or soon after surgery, and a coronary attack is probably the cause of death. A final coronary episode may sometimes be associated with an operative procedure supposedly due to hypotensive state. During driving or piloting a person may goes into a state of confusion because heart attack. In this state he may lose control and an accident can happen. These conditions indicate that intervention of Forensic Pathologist is significant to decide the actual cause of death apart from injury or disease of vital organs. We examine coronary arteries for atherosclerotic changes in 50 cases of sudden deaths. We observed that there were marked intimal thickening with luminal narrowing ≤ 75% of luminal diameter in 20 cases (40%) in total hearts. In natural deaths 17 cases (48.57%) showed luminal narrowing ≤ 75% of luminal diameter. These findings are suggestive of medico legal intervention to clarify the mode of death in some instances.
Subject(s)
Adult , Atherosclerosis/mortality , Atherosclerosis/statistics & numerical data , Coronary Artery Disease/mortality , Coronary Artery Disease/statistics & numerical data , Death, Sudden, Cardiac/etiology , Death, Sudden, Cardiac/statistics & numerical data , Forensic Medicine/legislation & jurisprudence , Forensic Pathology/legislation & jurisprudence , Humans , Middle AgedABSTRACT
Movements at the human shoulder girdle are the result of complex interplay of glenohumeral, acromioclavicular, sternoclavicular and scapulothoracic articulations. Clavicle apart from articulating with the scapula and sternum is also connected with first rib by costoclavicular ligament and with coracoid process by coracoclavicular ligament. At times the area of attachment of these ligaments on clavicle, first rib and scapula show faceted apophysis suggesting the presence of additional diarthrodial articulations. Costoclavicular joint exists between clavicle and first rib and coracoclavicular joint between clavicle and coracoids process. Both these joints are described in the literature, but the concurrent occurrence of them in the same bone has not been reported yet. We found two clavicles, one of right and other of left side, both of them showed faceted apophysis for costoclavicular and coracoclavicular joint simultaneously, which is rare phenomenon.
Los movimientos de la cintura escapular humana son el resultado de la interacción compleja de las articulaciones glenohumeral, acromioclavicular, esternoclavicular y escapulotorácica. La clavícula, aparte de la articulación con la escápula y el esternón también está conectada con la primera costilla por el ligamento costoclavicular y con el proceso coracoides por el ligamento coracoclavicular. A veces la zona de unión de estos ligamentos de la clavícula, la primera costilla y la escápula muestran procesos facetarios que sugieren la presencia de nuevas articulaciones diartrodiales. La articulación costoclavicular existe entre la primera costilla y la clavícula y la articulación coracoclavicular entre la clavícula y proceso coracoides. Ambas articulaciones están descritas en la literatura, pero la aparición simultánea de ellas en el mismo hueso no se ha informado aún. Se encontraron dos clavículas, uno del lado derecho y otra del lado izquierdo, las dos presentaron procesos facetarios para las articulaciones costoclavicular y coracoclavicular simultáneamente, lo cual es un fenómeno raro.